Know your terrain – What type of soil do you have in your area? Once you know that you can find the proper soil additives and fertilizers to ensure the ground itself is ready to be planted after the last frost.

Know your types of plants – Each plant has different needs, so it is very important to carefully look at the various trees, shrubs and plants in your landscape. Feeding and fertilization of each plant varies, some will have to be pruned others will need to be fertilized.

Once you know what’s in your garden, follows these easy instructions:

Seed Stalk Plants – Should always be removed in the fall to avoid the need to weed in the spring. Removing seed stalk plants from your garden in the fall will also provide room for new different plants in the next season.

Shasta daisies and Goldenrod plants- Remove any spent flower stocks before winter and cut back extra growth. Cutting back will help them grow bigger and healthier in the spring.

Shrubs – Don’t need a lot of preparation. Some like to cover shrubs with burlap to help avoid frost, but it is not necessary. Shrubs are hearty and resilient, but if you have a dying shrub, remove it to make room for another healthy one to be planted in the spring.

Roses – Are very vulnerable to the effects of fall and winter. If the roses are incorporated into the landscape, take extra care to help them survive in order to keep the overall landscape beautiful. Extreme weather changes kill roses, so take care in either bringing them in over the fall winter season if you can, or covering them outside. Keep in mind roses hate humidity as much as frost, so watch the indoor temperature as well.

Perennials – Should be treated like shrubs. They are hearty and resilient much like the shrubs, and aside from some minimal pruning they won’t need extra care.

It’s always a good idea to use this fall and winter season as an opportunity to make changes and improve your landscape and garden. Take a good hard look at your landscape, how can it be improved? Maybe there are new flowers you would like to plant or a new line of shrubs to create a room-like space outside. Whatever your creative mind comes up with, do your homework, know your terrain and have fun. That’s what it’s all about anyway, isn’t it?

To grow vegetables, you do not need a large site.

You can grow in containers without any need for a piece of land.

In fact, growing vegetables need a careful planning and some simple planting tips with which you can grow your own vegetables in no time!

1. For a successful growth of vegetables, a healthy soil is very important. Use a high-quality soil or improve the existing one through the addition of organic materials such as sphagnum peat moss, leaf mold, compost, and rotted manure in large quantities. For a clay type soil, add some sand to provide a clear drainage. Add these materials into the soil using till or spade.

2. Good soil with better drainage is best for growing vegetables healthily. So, get your soil tested prior to using it for vegetable plants. Also, ensure that soil has all essential nutrients required for a plant growth.

3. Location of the garden is the key to the vegetable garden planning process. As almost all vegetables needs a minimum of 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight for a healthy growth, choose a sunny spot with full of sunlight–south, southeast or south west facing is best spot.

4. In a partially shady location where you get less sunlight, it is best to grow leaf crops like lettuce, coriander, and spinach than tomatoes or other vegetables.

5. For a vegetable garden, choose a location away from trees and shrubs as far as possible. This is because the roots of trees and shrubs, near the vegetable plants, will deprive the essential nutrients and water of the vegetable plants.

6. It is a good idea to locate the garden close to your water source. This helps you save time and energy.

7. Employ a drip irrigation system to save your water as well as to reduce watering chores. This system is most beneficial because it provides water directly to the root region of plants. In addition, it provides water automatically for the plants in the garden if you set a timer on your faucet.

8. For a vegetable garden, it is good to obtain maximum yields within a minimum space. So, do inter-planting with quick-growing vegetables (bunching onions) and slower-growing vegetables (cauliflower and broccoli).

9. It is not a good idea to do over planting. Growing several plants in a small area can damage the growth of all vegetable plants in the garden.

10. Get aware of the plant-growing season and protect the plants according to the season. To protect plants from early frosts, always use cloches, plant protectors, and row covers. Tomatoes are cold-sensitive vegetables and can be transplanted outdoors prior to its normal planting time.

11. Mulching is the best way to maintain healthy vegetable plants. So, mulch the vegetable plants in the summer time. This helps to eradicate weeds, keeps soil moisture and improves the soil structure when it gets rot. Cocoa bean hulls, straw, shredded bark, spoiled hay, and compost are the best mulch materials for vegetable plants.

Because your bushes are not yet in hibernation they still require some attention from you. Water continues to be a prime need, so make sure that the soil around their roots continues to remain moist. Give them a good soaking as need be, but, as always, don’t over-water.

Water is an important part of your roses’ winter survival requirements and properly hydrated roots will help them stay protected when the cold weather arrives.

Stop all pruning and deadheading activity so you do not encourage new growth. You should have stopped applying organics last month, and you don’t want to apply any more fertilizer now either. Your goal is to keep your roses healthy while, at the same time, encouraging them to begin the process of going into dormancy.

Continue spraying at least once each month to combat black spot. Spider mites are still active during late autumn so keep your eye out for them. Spritz your blooms and foliage with water whenever you see signs of infestation. Aphids are also active now, so have a bottle of soapy water ready to send them packing.

Pick off any diseased leaves and rake away any fallen leaves from your rose beds. This not only improves the appearance of your garden, it also removes any disease residue which may be still on the leaves.

This is also a good time to prepare your new rose holes and rose beds for next year’s growing season. They will have time to “mellow” over the winter season and will be ready to accept new bushes in spring.

Begin the process of piling mulch around your more delicate varieties such as “St. Patrick”, “Color Magic”, “Oklahoma” and “Signature”. Your hardier varieties can wait until next month. See our “Winter Gardening” article for mulching tips.

You worked hard all season to keep your roses healthy and beautiful. If you did everything right, you were probably rewarded with waves and waves of beautiful blooms. Your hard work is almost over for the year, but don’t neglect your roses during these important final months.